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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Per G. Reinhall, Kwanhum Park, Robert W. Albrecht
Nuclear Technology | Volume 83 | Number 2 | November 1988 | Pages 197-204
Technical Paper | Nuclear Fuel | doi.org/10.13182/NT88-A34161
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The next generation of liquid-metal fast breeder reactors will likely be passively safe designs in that the reactors will be able to survive a loss-of-flow transient without relying on active safety devices. Thermal distortion of the core assemblies is envisioned as one of the most important contributors to the passive negative reactivity feedback required to control the reactor. Development of these reactors requires that the shape of the distorted fuel assemblies be accurately predicted. It is common practice to use beam elements in the modeling of thermally distorted fuel assemblies. However, by using higher order finite element analysis, it is found that the accuracy of such beam element models are unsatisfactory and should only be used with caution. The investigation shows that this lack of accuracy can be largely overcome by a modification of the beam elements such that the moments created by the frictional contact forces are taken under consideration. In addition, investigation of the effect of the fuel pin bundle indicates that the thermal distortion of fuel assemblies can be made significantly more accurate by including the commonly neglected fuel pins.