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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Donald J. Reif
Nuclear Technology | Volume 83 | Number 2 | November 1988 | Pages 190-196
Technical Paper | Chemical Processing | doi.org/10.13182/NT88-A34160
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Solvent extraction processes are used to recover usable nuclear materials from unwanted fission products at the Savannah River Plant. During use, the tri-n-butyl phosphate in an n-paraffm hydrocarbon solvent is degraded due to hydrolysis and radiolysis, forming materials that influence product losses, product decontamination, and separation efficiencies. The solvent is recycled after cleaning with a sodium carbonate solution. Savannah River Laboratory work has shown that carbonate washing does not remove more solvent-soluble binding ligands (formed by solvent degradation), which extract fission products into the solvent. Activated alumina treatment of carbonate-washed solvent removes binding ligands and significantly improves recycled solvent performance. A laboratory-developed, side-stream-activated alumina process was scaled up to clean 16500 gal of first-cycle solvent. The improved solvent fission product rejection returned the Savannah River Plant Canyon process to normal productivity and reduced process salt waste by increasing the solvent wash solution use-life.