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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
David J. Chaiko, George F. Vandegrift
Nuclear Technology | Volume 82 | Number 1 | July 1988 | Pages 52-59
Technical Paper | Chemical Processing | doi.org/10.13182/NT88-A34116
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A thermodynamic model is presented for nitric acid extraction by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). This model is based on the formation of the organic phase species: TBP·HNO3 and (TBP)2.·HNO3. The model works successfully at TBP concentrations of 5 to 100 vol% and was found to be effective at predicting the extraction of HNO3 from HNO3/NaNO3 and HNO3/ LiNO3 solutions. Within the TBP concentration range of 5 to 30%, a single set of extraction constants was sufficient to fit extraction data. Stoichiometric activity coefficients of nitric acid in HNO3/NaNO3 and HNO3/LiNO3 mixtures were calculated using a model developed by Bromley.
