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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
M. D. Mathew, S. latha, G. Sasikala, S. L. Mannan, P. Rodriguez
Nuclear Technology | Volume 81 | Number 1 | April 1988 | Pages 114-121
Technical Paper | Material | doi.org/10.13182/NT88-A34083
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The creep properties of three heats of nuclear-grade Type 316 stainless steel have been studied at temperatures of 823, 873, and 923 K. Creep tests have been carried out over a wide range of stresses that produced rupture times varying from a few days to ∼10yr. Log-log plots of stress versus rupture life were linear at 823 K, while a rapid decrease in stress to rupture was observed at longer lives at 923 K. A power law relationship indicative of dislocation creep was found between steady-state creep rate and applied stress. The variation of rupture ductility with rupture life at 823 K exhibited a minimum. At other temperatures, a peak in ductility was observed. Pronounced heat-to-heat variations have been observed in the creep-rupture properties at all the test conditions. The variations have been attributed to differences in the chemical composition and in the grain size of the material. A comparison of the results with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers design criteria for time-dependent deformation is also presented.