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LLNL, Ampera partner to develop thorium-based TRISO fuel
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has formed a strategic partnership with Ampera to develop the company’s nuclear fuel concept through a project named THUNDER, for Thorium Unimodal Droplet Ejection for Reactors.
The focus of THUNDER is fabricating TRISO made with kernels of thorium rather than the usual uranium. LLNL and Ampera will evaluate and optimize liquid metal–jetting technology to produce highly uniform, spherical kernels of thorium-232 for later processing into TRISO fuel.
C. Don Fletcher, Mark A. Bolander
Nuclear Technology | Volume 81 | Number 1 | April 1988 | Pages 52-62
Technical Paper | Nuclear Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT88-A34078
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In Westinghouse four-loop pressurized water reactors (PWRs), many long small-diameter instrument tubes are employed to route flux monitoring instrumentation lines from the lower plenum of the reactor vessel to a flux mapping seal table. A recent safety concern is that a seismic event could hypothetically rupture instrument tubes at the seal table, effectively causing a lower plenum small-break loss-of-coolant accident (SBLOCA). Continued cooling of the reactor core during a SBLOCA requires depressurization of the primary coolant system such that emergency core cooling (ECC) injection flow balances the break flow. For a lower plenum SBLOCA, the break remains liquid-covered, thus retarding primary coolant system depressurization. As a result, for continued cooling of the core, the break must be sufficiently small such that ECC flow balances break flow at elevated pressures. This study investigates instrument tube ruptures at the seal table location. Separate effects analyses investigate instrument tube pressure and heat loss, instrument lines remaining within the tubes, and tube nodalization effects. Systems effects analyses evaluate the significance of the safety concern through a best-estimate, single-failure analysis for the Zion-1 PWR.