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2026 Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
August 24–27, 2026
Dallas, TX|Hilton Anatole
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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Ralph M. Singer
Nuclear Technology | Volume 81 | Number 1 | April 1988 | Pages 39-51
Technical Paper | Fission Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT88-A34077
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The availability of metal-fueled fast reactors can be improved by the elimination of scrams caused by a class of low-flow events by taking into account the inherent reactivity feedbacks acting during such events. With this approach, the flow signal normally used in the loss-of-flow (LOF) protection system has its trip setpoint substantially reduced, and the power-to-flow signal is used with a normal trip setpoint. This permits the safety system to more closely monitor the safety of the reactor, i.e., its temperature rise as indicated by the power-to-flow ratio, and to avoid the initiation of a scram during an event in which the flow is decreasing but the core temperatures are remaining within prescribed limits. During such events, the inherent feedbacks act to reduce power and thereby limit any temperature or power-to-flow increases despite substantial reductions in the flow. This approach was applied to such an incident in Experimental Breeder Reactor II and was shown to avoid the scram that actually occurred while providing reactor protection. Additional calculations were performed illustrating the range of applicability of this type of LOF protection.