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LLNL, Ampera partner to develop thorium-based TRISO fuel
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has formed a strategic partnership with Ampera to develop the company’s nuclear fuel concept through a project named THUNDER, for Thorium Unimodal Droplet Ejection for Reactors.
The focus of THUNDER is fabricating TRISO made with kernels of thorium rather than the usual uranium. LLNL and Ampera will evaluate and optimize liquid metal–jetting technology to produce highly uniform, spherical kernels of thorium-232 for later processing into TRISO fuel.
Mukesh Tayal, Ed Mischkot, Harve E. Sills, A. W. L. Segel
Nuclear Technology | Volume 76 | Number 2 | February 1987 | Pages 209-220
Technical Paper | Nuclear Fuel | doi.org/10.13182/NT87-A33875
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The ELOCA-A code models the thermomechanical behavior of CANDU fuel elements during high-temperature transients such as loss-of-coolant accidents. Calculations include sheath and pellet temperatures, strains (including creep), sheath oxidation, and beryllium-assisted cracking. The ELOCA-A code was developed by adding axial nodes to the ELOCA·MK2 code, which assumes axially uniform temperatures and strains. Thus, it is now possible to study the effects of axial variations such as end flux peaking, axial variations in the microstructure of Zircaloy due to brazing, axially nonuniform heat transfer, and axially nonuniform cross section due to the presence of appendages. Other features of ELOCA-A include choice of Urbanic-Heidrick or Baker-Just correlations for sheath oxidation and double-sided oxidation of a failed sheath. The ELOCA-A code shows reasonable agreement with axial variations in hoop strains measured at Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories. Calculations for some arbitrary transients confirm that axial variations in initial microstructure and in neutron flux can have a significant effect on fuel temperatures and strains.