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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Frank H. Ruddy, Abdul R. Dulloo, John G. Seidel, Frederick W. Hantz, Louis R. Grobmyer
Nuclear Technology | Volume 140 | Number 2 | November 2002 | Pages 198-208
Technical Paper | Nuclear Plant Instrumentation, Control, and Human-Machine Interface Technologies | doi.org/10.13182/NT02-A3333
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Silicon carbide semiconductor neutron detectors are being developed for use as ex-vessel power monitors for pressurized water reactors. Key features such as neutron response, radiation resistance, and high-temperature operation have been explored for silicon carbide detectors, and the results are consistent with their use in the ex-vessel environment. Prototype silicon carbide ex-core neutron detectors have been assembled and tested under research reactor conditions simulating ex-core neutron monitoring requirements. Linear, pulse-mode operation without the need for gamma compensation has been demonstrated with these prototype detectors. The silicon carbide detectors are compared to presently deployed gas-filled ex-vessel detectors, and several advantages of the silicon carbide technology can be seen. It is anticipated that a wide-range silicon carbide neutron detector can be designed to replace the combined functions of the multiple power range detectors in use. Furthermore, the need for gamma-ray compensation will be eliminated, and more efficient reactor operation and simplified reactor operating procedures will result.