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IAEA looks at nuclear techniques for crop resilience
The International Atomic Energy Agency has launched a five-year coordinated research project (CRP) to strengthen plant health preparedness using nuclear and related technologies.
Wheat blast, potato late blight, potato bacterial wilt, and cassava witches broom disease can spread quickly across large areas of land, leading to severe yield losses in key crops for food security. Global trade and climate change have increased the likelihood of rapid, transboundary spread.
Rajiv Kohli
Nuclear Technology | Volume 47 | Number 3 | March 1980 | Pages 477-484
Technical Paper | Material | doi.org/10.13182/NT80-A32402
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The oxidation kinetics of three zirconium alloys (Zr—2.2 wt% Hf, Zr—2.5 wt% Nb, and Zr— 3 wt% Nb—1 wt% Sn) have been measured in flowing carbon dioxide in the temperature range from 873 to 1173 K to 120 ks (2000 min). At all oxidation temperatures, Zr—2.5 Nb and Zr—3 Nb—1 Sn showed a transition to rapid linear kinetics after initial parabolic oxidation. The Zr—2.2Hf showed this transition at temperatures in the range from 973 to 1173 K; at 873 K, no transition was observed within the oxidation times reported. The Zr—2.2 Hf showed the smallest weight gains, followed in order by Zr—2.5Nb and Zr—3 Nb—1 Sn. Increased oxidation rates and shorter times-to-rate-transition of Zr—2.2 Nb and Zr—1 Sn as compared with Zr—2.2 Hf can be attributed to the presence of niobium, tin, and hafnium in the alloys. This is considered in terms of the Nomura-Akutsu model, according to which hafnium should delay the rate transition, while niobium and tin lead to shorter times-to-rate-transition. The scale on Zr—2.2 Hf was identified as monoclinic zirconia, while the tetragonal phase, 6ZrO2·Nb2O5, was contained in the monoclinic zirconia scales on both other alloys.