Calculations are made of 2.5-MeV neutron yields via D-D reactions from various beam line components, including beam targets and a neutralizer gas cell, and of x-ray generation from accelerator columns in deuterium beam injectors of various energies from 40 to 200 keV, with accelerator powers ranging from 2 to 20 MW per beam line. The calculated neutron intensities from the neutral beam injector systems for present and future fusion research are in the range between 1011 and 1013 n/s and warrant biological shielding in most cases, even for low duty cycle operation. X radiation from the accelerator columns becomes a health physics concern only for injectors with energy higher than ∼100 keV.