ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 ANS Winter Conference & Expo
November 15–18, 2026
Phoenix, AZ|Arizona Grand Resort & Spa
Latest Magazine Issues
Aug 2026
Jan 2026
2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
October 2026
Nuclear Technology
September 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
August 2026
Latest News
LLNL, Ampera partner to develop thorium-based TRISO fuel
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has formed a strategic partnership with Ampera to develop the company’s nuclear fuel concept through a project named THUNDER, for Thorium Unimodal Droplet Ejection for Reactors.
The focus of THUNDER is fabricating TRISO made with kernels of thorium rather than the usual uranium. LLNL and Ampera will evaluate and optimize liquid metal–jetting technology to produce highly uniform, spherical kernels of thorium-232 for later processing into TRISO fuel.
J. Chao, B. B. Mikic, N. E. Todreas
Nuclear Technology | Volume 42 | Number 1 | January 1979 | Pages 22-33
Technical Paper | Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT79-A32159
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Two design models illustrate the methodology used to obtain the acceptable ranges for a set of design parameters for a lithium-cooled tokamak blanket. The methodology can also be used to identify the limiting constraints for a particular design. For typical tokamaks, header diameter is ∼12 cm; coolant inlet velocity is found to be <0.1 m/s to maintain a reasonable hoop stress in the header. For the constant ’ model, where tubes are distributed to match the volumetric heat generation, the limiting constraints are found to be the total number of tubes and the maximum size of the headers that can fit radially in the blanket. The maximum first wall neutron loading is 7 MW/m2. For the constant Tmax model, where cooling channels are placed so that the peak temperatures between the channels are equal, the limiting constraint is found to be the thermal stress in the channel wall. The first wall neutron loading is found to be 2.1 MW/m2.