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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
José Luis Muñoz-Cobo, María José Palomo, Luis Enrique Herranz
Nuclear Technology | Volume 134 | Number 1 | April 2001 | Pages 23-36
Technical Paper | NURETH-9 | doi.org/10.13182/NT01-A3183
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A mechanistic model is presented to predict the steam condensation on containment finned tubes in the presence of noncondensables (NCs). The total thermal resistance from bulk gas to coolant is formulated as a parallel combination of the convective and condensation gas resistances coupled in series to those of the condensate layer, the wall, and the coolant.The condensate layer thermal resistance is calculated by means of an Adamek-based model, while the gas mixture thermal resistance is formulated based on diffusion layer modeling.The model results are compared with the available experimental data of Wanniarachi and Rose for pure steam condensation on finned tubes and with the data of Mazzochi for condensation in the presence of NC gases.