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LLNL, Ampera partner to develop thorium-based TRISO fuel
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has formed a strategic partnership with Ampera to develop the company’s nuclear fuel concept through a project named THUNDER, for Thorium Unimodal Droplet Ejection for Reactors.
The focus of THUNDER is fabricating TRISO made with kernels of thorium rather than the usual uranium. LLNL and Ampera will evaluate and optimize liquid metal–jetting technology to produce highly uniform, spherical kernels of thorium-232 for later processing into TRISO fuel.
W. Hummel, L. R. van Loon
Nuclear Technology | Volume 128 | Number 3 | December 1999 | Pages 372-387
Technical Paper | Radioactive Waste Management and Disposal | doi.org/10.13182/NT99-A3038
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Radiolytic degradation experiments with acidic ion-exchange resins revealed oxalate and an unidentified ligand X to be the most strongly complexing ligands of the degradation products. The influence of these ligands on the Ni speciation in groundwater and cement pore water of a repository is assessed.A complete and reliable thermodynamic database is built for this case study. Missing stability constants are estimated by chemical reasoning. Subsequent sensitivity analyses show whether these species are important or not. The backdoor approach used in this study addresses the following question: What concentrations must the ligand have to significantly influence the Ni speciation?In the case of oxalate, the concentration necessary to complex 90% Ni will never be exceeded within the repository or in its environment due to precipitation of Ca-oxalate solids. Thus, a negative effect of oxalate on Ni speciation and sorption need not be considered in safety assessments.In the case of ligand X, calculations demonstrate that Ni speciation is highly dependent on geochemical conditions and is occasionally ambiguous due to uncertainties in estimated stability constants. Hints are given to deal with these ambiguities in future safety assessments, and further experimental investigations are proposed to decrease uncertainties when necessary.