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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Byung-Ho Lee, Yang-Hyun Koo, Dong-Seong Sohn
Nuclear Technology | Volume 127 | Number 2 | August 1999 | Pages 151-159
Technical Paper | Fuel Cycle and Management | doi.org/10.13182/NT99-A2991
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A model for rim porosity that takes into account the effect of overpressurization on rim pores is proposed for high-burnup UO2 fuel. It is based on the assumption that all the fission gases produced are retained in rim pores, and the threshold pellet average burnup required for the formation of the rim region is 40 MWd/kg U. In addition, a thermal conductivity correlation is proposed that uses the rim porosity model developed. This correlation for the rim region considers both degradation of thermal conductivity with burnup across the fuel pellet and additional degradation at the pellet rim due to very high porosity. To calculate the temperature profile across the fuel pellet where the rim region is formed, the present correlation for the rim region is combined with the HALDEN, MATPRO, and SIMFUEL correlations for thermal conductivity for the fuel interior region where the rim feature does not exist. Application of the present correlation to the measured HALDEN fuel centerline temperature (Nuclear Energy Agency public database IFA-562) shows that good agreement between the calculated and measured fuel centerline temperature is obtained when the present correlation is combined with HALDEN thermal conductivity. On the other hand, when it is combined with SIMFUEL thermal conductivity, which does not consider the effect on thermal conductivity of fission gases and other volatile fission products, lower centerline temperature is obtained due to the characteristics of the SIMFUEL.