ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
August 24–27, 2026
Dallas, TX|Hilton Anatole
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2026
Jan 2026
2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2026
Nuclear Technology
August 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Hiroshige Kumamaru, Yutaka Kukita, Hideaki Asaka, Ming Wang, Etsuo Ohtani
Nuclear Technology | Volume 126 | Number 3 | June 1999 | Pages 331-339
Technical Note | Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT99-A2978
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The effectiveness of intentional depressurization of a pressurized water reactor primary system as a means to maintain core cooling during a small-break loss-of-coolant accident (SBLOCA) was studied. The investigation was based on experiments conducted at the Rig of Safety Assessment-V (ROSA-V) Large Scale Test Facility (LSTF) and RELAP5/MOD3 code calculations performed for LSTF geometry, together with single lumped-volume model calculations - all simulating hypothetical total failure of the high-pressure-injection system. For cold-leg breaks ≶2.5% of the leg cross-sectional area, experimental and analytical results have shown that the break discharge depressurizes the primary system to the accumulator (ACC) and low-pressure-injection (LPI) system injection pressures, and thus the core cladding temperature would be maintained below ~1000 K. For break areas ≤1.0%, on the other hand, additional depressurization means are needed to initiate the ACC injection before the core is overheated. RELAP5/MOD3 calculations have shown that steam venting through the pressurizer power-operated relief valves would be effective in depressurizing the primary system to the ACC and LPI pressures. However, for break areas <0.5%, the peak cladding temperature would finally reach the safety criterion of 1473 K.