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LLNL, Ampera partner to develop thorium-based TRISO fuel
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has formed a strategic partnership with Ampera to develop the company’s nuclear fuel concept through a project named THUNDER, for Thorium Unimodal Droplet Ejection for Reactors.
The focus of THUNDER is fabricating TRISO made with kernels of thorium rather than the usual uranium. LLNL and Ampera will evaluate and optimize liquid metal–jetting technology to produce highly uniform, spherical kernels of thorium-232 for later processing into TRISO fuel.
Tres Thoenen
Nuclear Technology | Volume 126 | Number 1 | April 1999 | Pages 75-87
Technical Paper | Radioactive Waste Management and Disposal | doi.org/10.13182/NT99-A2959
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Solubility limitation of radionuclides by solid phases in aqueous environments is a key factor in performance assessment of radioactive waste repositories. Although the modeling of solubility limits is a standard procedure, results are often questionable because the basic data used are either irrelevant, inaccurate, or incomplete. This is illustrated by discussing the potential solubility limitation of Ni in sulfidic groundwaters, which is of some importance to the planned low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste repository at Wellenberg, Switzerland. Calculated solubility limits for Ni may be in error if a solubility-limiting sulfide mineral is chosen that is irrelevant for the considered geochemical conditions. Solubility data need to be carefully evaluated: In the case of millerite (NiS), the most likely Ni sulfide mineral to form, widely used solubility product constants turn out to be based on crude estimates only, and accurate solubility data are missing. The formation of Ni sulfide complexes may considerably enhance the solubility of Ni. Although reliable complexation constants for Ni sulfide complexes are missing, their neglect may result in a severe underestimation of Ni solubility in sulfidic environments, by analogy with Zn sulfide complexes whose complexation constants are reliably known.