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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Helmut Holzbauer, Lothar Wolf
Nuclear Technology | Volume 125 | Number 2 | February 1999 | Pages 166-181
Technical Paper | Reactor Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT99-A2940
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
GOTHIC is an advanced code for thermal-hydraulic flow simulation in nuclear reactor containments and other confinements. Battelle Europe has participated in the development and verification of the code over a number of years.Described are blind and open posttest calculations of the Heiss Dampf Reaktor hydrogen-mixing experiments E11.2 and E11.4 in comparison with measured data.Caused by a miscalibration of steam source flow rates and neglect of the heat sink capability of the instrumentation cooling lines, the pressure, temperature, and steam concentrations were drastically overpredicted by the blind predictions and are quantitatively not comparable to experimental data.The following conclusions can be drawn from the parametric open posttest calculations:1. Scenarios with homogeneous containment atmosphere (like E11.4) can be simulated accurately with lumped-parameter models.2. The lumped-parameter method is seemingly not fully qualified to predict the hydrogen distribution in a stratified containment atmosphere (like E11.2).3. Improved predictive quality may require the application of distributed parameter models.