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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Michael H. Bradbury, Bart Baeyens
Nuclear Technology | Volume 122 | Number 2 | May 1998 | Pages 250-253
Technical Note | Radioactive Waste Management and Disposal | doi.org/10.13182/NT98-A2866
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The vast majority of sorption data used in performance assessment studies for radioactive waste repository concepts has been generated from small-scale laboratory batch sorption measurements on crushed rock samples. Since these data will mainly be used to describe the sorption on the in situ bulk rocks in safety studies, a justifiable and defensible procedure for making the transfer of sorption values from the laboratory data to data appropriate to the field conditions is required. At the present time, a generally accepted methodology for doing this is lacking, and little or no work is being carried out internationally on this important area. The question of whether the act of crushing is intrinsically likely to lead to higher sorption values than for intact rock because the area available for sorption has been increased is addressed here. The approach is based on comparing N2-BET surface area measurements on intact and crushed single minerals and rocks. Results are presented which indicate that the clay mineral content of the rock is critically important in this respect, whereas the influence of the rock porosity is only of minor consequence.