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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Hiroshi Kawai, Ichio Tomiai
Nuclear Technology | Volume 121 | Number 3 | March 1998 | Pages 337-345
Technical Paper | RETRAN | doi.org/10.13182/NT98-A2845
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
If a boiling water reactor core shroud is postulated to completely crack at any of the horizontal welds, an upward load might cause the upper portion of the shroud to lift. Anomalous core characteristics resulting from the flow through the gap could be detected, and the operators would immediately shut down the plant. These anomalies [anomalous core power, total primary loop recirculation (PLR) system flow, core-support-plate P, PLR pump inlet temperature, etc.] are quantified using RETRAN-02/MOD4.A noding method has been introduced to precisely simulate gap leakage flow and its enthalpy. The detectability of shroud separation was confirmed through anomalous core characteristics.