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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Michael Langer, Manfred Wallner
Nuclear Technology | Volume 121 | Number 2 | February 1998 | Pages 199-211
Technical Paper | German Direct Disposal Project | doi.org/10.13182/NT98-A2832
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Site-specific data of the Gorleben salt dome (e.g., the geological structure of the salt dome and the geomechanical properties of the evaporite) are presented in the form of a working model to optimize the various repository concepts discussed within the German research project "Direct Disposal of Spent Fuel" and to compare their long-term effects.A comparative evaluation of the different emplacement concepts was made on the basis of the following calculated results, which are considered decisive: temperatures in the repository, temperatures in the salt dome/overburden transition zone, tensile stresses at the top of the salt dome zone, and uplift at the ground surface.The thermal and thermomechanical consequences of four preselected emplacement concepts do not differ very much. The rock mechanical analyses of the far field do not indicate any particular concept as being clearly preferable.The following results of the parameter variations (creep capacity and width of the repository field) are significant. A reduction in the repository field width gives lower maximum temperatures for the same specific heat load. An evaporite formation with a high creep capacity leads to significantly lower stress reduction at the top of the salt dome; tensile stresses do not occur. The stress reductions at the top of the salt dome are also less, but the horizontal stress orthogonal to the repository still lies in the tensile zone, if a low creep capacity of the rock salt is assumed.