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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
R. H. Fillnow, P. R. Bengel, David L. Giefer
Nuclear Technology | Volume 87 | Number 3 | November 1989 | Pages 624-630
Technical Paper | TMI-2: Remote Technology and Engineering / Nuclear Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT89-A27714
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The postaccident Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) plant was a maze of contaminated areas with varying levels of radiation. Several cubicles in the auxiliary building could not be entered for survey, much less to decontaminate. The containment basement was the most contaminated region with radiation fields up to 1100 R/h. The thousands of curies of cesium and strontium contained in the loose debris, sediment, and water made the basement a difficult region to decontaminate. To characterize and decontaminate these hazardous areas, cleanup personnel were forced to consider the use of remotely controlled (robotic) equipment. The remote equipment program at TMI-2, driven by need, resulted in considerable reduction of radiation exposure to plant personnel. The remotely operated devices developed under this program and the general criteria formulated for each design are described.