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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Michael D. Pavelek II, Wayne Underhill, F. Lee Bozorgi, Joseph F. Boudreaux
Nuclear Technology | Volume 87 | Number 4 | December 1989 | Pages 1122-1133
Late Paper | TMI-2: Decontamination and Waste Management / Nuclear Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT89-A27704
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In 1980, the Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) project team evaluated teleoperators and robotic devices to participate in the accident recovery work. Due to the magnitude of radiation levels present and the high cost of protective clothing and equipment, teleoperators were important at TMI-2. Safe and efficient cleanup of the facility was the primary objective of the GPU Nuclear Corporation (GPU). With this goal in mind, two classes of teleoperators were deployed. The first, a Hodges remotecontrolled mobile manipulator (RCMM), was a small and simple teleoperator equipped with an arm having three degrees of freedom. This permitted pick-andplace operations and also allowed control of water flushing devices. The RCMM was evaluated as being capable of reducing contamination of exposure levels of the auxiliary building (AB) cubicles with simple modifications. The GPU-Bechtel National team strived to improve the reliability and operating capability of the RCMM; following the modification and testing period, the RCMM was deployed and operated in two highly contaminated cubicles in the AB basement. Upon completion of the activities, it was determined that the RCMM vision and drive system had to be improved. The modification required to deploy the RCMM in a reliable manner was not practical. Using the experience gained from the RCMM deployment, the project team worked closely with Carnegie-Mellon University, which produced the second class of teleoperators, the remote reconnaissance vehicle (RR V). The RRV provided the capability to transport several types of remotely controlled tooling and monitoring equipment into the highly contaminated reactor building basement at TMI-2. Actual operations conducted with the RRVs and another of the second class of teleoperators, Louie-2, during the TMI-2 recovery project are described.