ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
August 24–27, 2026
Dallas, TX|Hilton Anatole
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2026
Jan 2026
2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2026
Nuclear Technology
August 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Herbert W. Kirkland, Marc A. Nemser, William M. Laney
Nuclear Technology | Volume 87 | Number 4 | December 1989 | Pages 932-945
Technical Paper | TMI-2: Decontamination and Waste Management / Nuclear Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT89-A27687
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
One of the significant tasks facing defuelers in the aftermath of the Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) accident has been the dismantlement and removal of the severely damaged reactor core. One of the most effective tools utilized to loosen and pulverize the debris bed and the once-molten, resolidified core was the core bore machine (CBM). This machine was very successful during the core stratification sampling program, which extracted core samples from the postaccident reactor core for data acquisition and analysis. The machine was later used to drill hundreds of holes in the hard, resolidified layer in the effort to advance the defueling process by pulverizing the core. Once again, the CBM proved effective. With all damaged fuel assemblies removed from the vessel, the majority of the fuel debris remaining in the reactor vessel is located in the lower core support assembly (LCSA) and the lower head of the reactor vessel. The only conceivable method of accessing the fuel remnants and debris is by severing and removing the massive stainless steel plates of the LCSA that inhibit deployment of defueling tools and equipment. A comprehensive program to remove the LCSA was initiated that incorporated the CBM and a plasma arc cutting system that could, in combination, be effective in removing the entire assembly. This paper describes the drilling equipment and the methods used to successfully remove the lower grid rib section utilizing the CBM as it has proved to be a viable technique for remotely cutting underwater stainless steel structures.