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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Bruce A. Pregger, Charles S. Olsen
Nuclear Technology | Volume 87 | Number 4 | December 1989 | Pages 875-883
Technical Paper | TMI-2: Decontamination and Waste Management / Material | doi.org/10.13182/NT89-A27681
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A scanning electron microscope is used to investigate techniques for performing microanalysis of highly radioactive material from the Three Mile Island Unit 2 reactor. Wavelength dispersive X-ray (WDX) spectrometer methods allow quantitative analysis of metallic and oxide phases in samples with radiation fields of up to 60 R/h (contact β-γ). It is found that sputtered gold provides an unexpectedly useful specimen coating for remote analysis, being easily applied and forming more uniform layers than evaporated carbon, and proving compatible with quantitative point analysis. Through a combination of electron imaging, shielded energy dispersive spectrometry, WDX dot mapping, and quantitative WDX point analysis, it is possible to obtain data on core metal oxidation, trace concentration fission product distribution, and phase composition for core temperature estimation.