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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Douglas W. Akers, Richard K. McCardell
Nuclear Technology | Volume 87 | Number 1 | August 1989 | Pages 214-223
Technical Paper | TMI-2: Materials Behavior / Nuclear Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT89-A27649
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The results of the bulk material examinations performed on samples from the Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) reactor pressure vessel (RPV) are summarized and the materials chemistry that resulted in the observed behavior is reviewed. As part of the TMI-2 core examination program, core material samples from all regions within the RPV were examined, from lead screws in the top head to previously molten material relocated to the lower plenum of the RPV during the accident. These results indicate that >99% of the core materials were retained within the RPV; however, the constituents of the various core components were redistributed within the original core volume and RPV. The data suggest redistribution of the core materials based mostly on the thermodynamic properties of the metallic constituents and oxides.