ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
August 24–27, 2026
Dallas, TX|Hilton Anatole
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2026
Jan 2026
2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2026
Nuclear Technology
August 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Sidney Langer, M. L. Russell, Douglas W. Akers
Nuclear Technology | Volume 87 | Number 1 | August 1989 | Pages 196-204
Technical Paper | TMI-2: Materials Behavior / Nuclear Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT89-A27647
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The release of fission products from the Three Mile Island Unit 2 plant during and following the accident was low and consisted almost entirely of noble gases and an estimated 15 Ci of 131 I. Such a small iodine release is surprising considering that 52% of the core inventory of radiocesium and 40% of the radioiodine were released from the reactor core. Significant releases of fission products to the plant systems commenced at 138 min following failure of the fuel rods. The primary pathway to the environment was through the letdown/makeup purification system to the auxiliary building plant stack. The large releases (40 to 50%) of noble gases, cesium, and iodine to the reactor building were contained within the building for 1 yr until the noble gases were released under controlled conditions.