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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Hiroo Igarashi, Michio Nitto, Fumio Mizumiwa, Katumi Ohsumi
Nuclear Technology | Volume 102 | Number 3 | June 1993 | Pages 287-296
Technical Paper | Fission Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT93-A17027
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
With the recent increase in the number of operating nuclear plants, the need for automatic collection of water chemistry control data, computer processing, and data assessment and diagnosis are increasing. To fulfill these needs, a water chemistry general management system is being developed. As part of this program, an automatic metal analyzer has been developed, andfunctional verification tests have been conducted at an operating boiling water reactor plant. It is very difficult to automatically sample metal impurities in cooling water since they are usually analyzed after being collected in a filter. With this automatic analyzer, however, metal impurities can be analyzed continuously by ion-exchange chromatography after being heated and dissolved. The measurement results confirm that analysis of iron, nickel, copper, cobalt, etc., is possible at a minimum detection limit of 0.01 ppb. It is possible by this means to construct an in-line automatic analysis system for a nuclear reactor primary system. Used in combination with a water chemistry diagnosis system, this will improve the measures for preventive maintenance employed in nuclear power plants.