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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Dong-Seong Sohn, Gordon E. Kohse, David M. Parks, Otto K. Harling
Nuclear Technology | Volume 92 | Number 3 | December 1990 | Pages 383-388
Technical Paper | Material | doi.org/10.13182/NT90-A16239
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Considerable effort is currently being expended to develop mechanical property tests for various miniature specimens. Bend tests of thin 3-mm-diam disks (standard transmission electron microscopy specimens) have been used by various workers. A miniaturized disk bend test (MDBT) using a 3-mm-diam x 0.25-mm-thick disk is described and recent progress in extracting uniaxial yield stress values from bend test data is discussed. The method is based on the existence of an initial linear region in the load/deflection curve generated by the bend test. A strong relationship between the load at deviation from linearity and the uniaxial yield stress is found. By simulating observed load/deflection curves using a finite element stress/strain analysis, yield stresses can be calculated from MDBT data. Results using our approach to MDBT for a range of materials are presented, and good agreement with uniaxial tensile test data is shown. These results for the small specimen volume required for MDBT offer interesting possibilities for monitoring the mechanical properties of in-service structures, as well as for minimizing test volumes and specimen radioactivities in such programs as alloy development for irradiation performance in fusion reactors.