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INL reports findings on unusual quantum behavior of plutonium
Scientists at Idaho National Laboratory have discovered that plutonium hexaboride (PuB6) displays a type of unusual quantum property called a topological Kondo insulating state. Materials with this property are neither typical electricity conductors nor regular insulators. Rather, they have exterior surfaces that strongly conduct electricity and interiors that block electricity.
Yin-Pang Ma, Nien-Mien Chung, Bau-Shei Pei, Wei-Keng Lin, Yih-Yun Hsu
Nuclear Technology | Volume 94 | Number 1 | April 1991 | Pages 124-133
Technical Paper | Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow | doi.org/10.13182/NT91-A16228
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The void fraction is one of the most important quantities in experimental studies of two-phase flow. Two simple and economical techniques to determine this quantity are developed and discussed. The improved impedance method, in which a high-frequency processing circuit is developed to measure and amplify the voltage changes between the electrodes, is the first method. The differential pressure (D/P) method, in which a commercial differential pressure transmitter is used to determine the static pressure of two-phase flow, is the second method. Experiments including tests in vertical and horizontal pipes for the impedance method and a vertical pipe test for the D/P method have been performed. Furthermore, theoretical models of these two techniques are developed. The test results show that most of the measured void fractions are within a 20% error band compared with the actual void fraction.