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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
O. Lupas, D. Beraha
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 104 | Number 1 | January 1990 | Pages 10-25
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE90-A23697
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A three-dimensional, coarse-mesh, nonlinear, robust core model adapted to the specific requirements of a digital power distribution control system for boiling water reactors (B WRs) is presented. Optimal core power control can be achieved with a coarse power distribution description if the simulation is accurate enough. A two-stage concept is used to make the model both accurate and fast. A unique computation with an exact but slow conventional simulator provides a detailed physical basis for a reference core state. This input data basis, homogenized to larger spatial zones, enables a fast, one energy group simulator with xenon dynamics to compute transients covering the entire range of states that occur during normal operation. Validation tests have shown a large autonomy and good simulation qualities of the core model for several types of transients of interest for normal BWR operation. Its accuracy combined with fast execution, numerical stability, and ease in handling make the core model suitable for use in on-line core surveillance and control systems with real-time predictive capabilities. These same features also qualify it as a fast, quasi-static simulator for prediction of core behavior beyond the scope of digital control.