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In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
O. Lupas, D. Beraha
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 104 | Number 1 | January 1990 | Pages 10-25
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE90-A23697
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A three-dimensional, coarse-mesh, nonlinear, robust core model adapted to the specific requirements of a digital power distribution control system for boiling water reactors (B WRs) is presented. Optimal core power control can be achieved with a coarse power distribution description if the simulation is accurate enough. A two-stage concept is used to make the model both accurate and fast. A unique computation with an exact but slow conventional simulator provides a detailed physical basis for a reference core state. This input data basis, homogenized to larger spatial zones, enables a fast, one energy group simulator with xenon dynamics to compute transients covering the entire range of states that occur during normal operation. Validation tests have shown a large autonomy and good simulation qualities of the core model for several types of transients of interest for normal BWR operation. Its accuracy combined with fast execution, numerical stability, and ease in handling make the core model suitable for use in on-line core surveillance and control systems with real-time predictive capabilities. These same features also qualify it as a fast, quasi-static simulator for prediction of core behavior beyond the scope of digital control.