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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
Satoshi Sato, Yasushi Seki, Romano Plenteda, Takashi Inoue, Davide Valenza, Robert T. Santoro, Hiromasa Iida, Hideyuki Takatsu, Kohbun Yamada, Yoshihiro Ohara, Toshihisa Utsumi
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 34 | Number 3 | November 1998 | Pages 1002-1007
Neutronics Experiments and Analysis (Poster Session) | doi.org/10.13182/FST98-A11963744
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Shielding analyses of the ITER neutral beam injector (NBI) ports have been performed using three-dimensional Monte Carlo and two-dimensional discrete ordinates Sn methods. The biological dose rates inside the cryostat after reactor shutdown are expected to be lower than design target of 100 μSv/h for the current NBI reference design with ∼60 cm thick NBI port walls. It was also observed that the total nuclear heating in the toroidal field (TF) coils satisfies the design limit of 17 kW when the port wall is 40 cm thick. The Sn calculations, performed using a rectangular model of the NBI, overestimate the dose rates at the cryostat and nuclear heating in TF coils by factors of ten and two, respectively, compared to Monte Carlo results obtained using a more accurate representation of the NBI system.