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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
Toshihisa Hatano, Kazuyoshi Sato, Masayuki Dairaku, Toshimasa Kuroda, Masanori Araki, Hideyuki Takatsu, Satoshi Sato, Kiyoshi Fukaya, Toshimasa Kurasawa, Ikuhide Tokami, Masato Akiba
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 30 | Number 3 | December 1996 | Pages 752-756
Plasma-Facing Components: Analysis and Technology | doi.org/10.13182/FST96-A11963025
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A shielding blanket design in a fusion reactor such as ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) has been proposed to be a modular structure integrated with the first wall. In terms of the fabrication, HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) method has been proposed for the joining of dispersion strengthened copper (DS-Cu) and type 316L stainless steel (SS316L) at FW. High heat flux tests of HIP bonded DS-Cu/SS316L first wall panel were performed at Particle Beam Engineering Facility in JAERI to investigate its thermo-mechanical performance. They consisted of four test campaigns. The former two campaigns simulated ITER normal operation conditions in terms of the temperature and strain at the HIP bonded interfaces between DS-Cu and SS316L, respectively. The latter two simulated disruption conditions. Under normal heat flux conditions, temperature responses of the first wall panel measured by the thermocouples agreed very well with those predicted by FEM analyses. On the other hand, ejection of a number of small particles from DS-Cu surface was observed during the last campaign with the high heat flux simulating disruptions.