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MIT professor develops method to verify compliance with Outer Space Treaty
Danagoulian
Areg Danagoulian of the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is proposing a mechanism for verifying that Earth-orbiting satellites are in compliance with the Outer Space Treaty, which prohibits the placement of nuclear weapons in space. Danagoulian’s “concept and feasibility study,” titled “Verification of the Outer Space Treaty with cosmic protons,” was published recently in the journal Nature.
Steven J. Maheras, Ralph E. Best, Steven B. Ross (PNNL), Jeffery L. England (SRNL), Lawrence M. Massaro (Federal Railroad Administration), Philip J. Jensen (PNNL)
Proceedings | 16th International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference (IHLRWM 2017) | Charlotte, NC, April 9-13, 2017 | Pages 322-329
An updated evaluation of removing spent nuclear fuel (SNF) from 13 shutdown nuclear power reactor sites was conducted during 2016.1 At these shutdown sites the nuclear power reactors have been permanently shut down and the sites have been decommissioned or are undergoing decommissioning. The shutdown sites included in the evaluation were Maine Yankee, Yankee Rowe, Connecticut Yankee, Humboldt Bay, Big Rock Point, Rancho Seco, Trojan, La Crosse, Zion, Crystal River, Kewaunee, San Onofre, and Vermont Yankee. This paper provides summary information on the 13 shutdown sites as well detailed information gathered from site visits to San Onofre and Vermont Yankee. The evaluation was divided into four components: (1) characterization of the SNF and greater-than-Class C low-level radioactive waste (GTCC waste) inventory, (2) a description of the on-site infrastructure, (3) an evaluation of the near-site transportation infrastructure and transportation experience, and (4) an evaluation of the actions necessary to prepare for and remove SNF and GTCC waste. Updates to the evaluation since 2015 include incorporating SNF data from the GC-859 database; updating of Google Earth imagery; incorporating revisions to transportation certificates of compliance; adding information obtained from site visits to the Pacific Sun Railroad and Camp Pendleton, California; adding rail assessments for Kewaunee, Crystal River, and San Onofre to the evaluation; and adding information obtained from the site visit to Vermont Yankee. As additional sites such as Fort Calhoun, Palisades, Clinton, Quad Cities, Pilgrim, Oyster Creek, and Diablo Canyon shut down, these sites will be included in updates to the evaluation.