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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Aya Diab, Michael Corradini, Carl Martin
Nuclear Technology | Volume 169 | Number 2 | February 2010 | Pages 114-125
Technical Paper | Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT10-A9356
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Pressurized heavy water reactors of the CANDU design may be susceptible to a partial or a complete blockage of the flow of coolant to some of the pressure tubes. This event, although very rare, would result from the presence of debris in the heat transport conduits. In the case of an extreme event where the coolant flow is blocked completely, in addition to failure to scram the reactor, an accident scenario may prevail. Coolant trapped in the pressure tube is expected to boil off; the fuel rods would overheat and partially melt with the melt accumulating at the bottom of the pressure tube. This degraded situation, along with the high pressure involved under normal operation conditions, would lead to a rupture of the pressure tube. The pressure signature at the rupture site predicted from a lumped parameter phenomenological model is used as an input to a three-dimensional ANSYS model to assess the pressure signature at the inner walls of the tank in response to the pressure tube rupture. The pressure predicted by the ANSYS model is benchmarked against experimental data from the literature.