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Commercial nuclear innovation "new space" age
In early 2006, a start-up company launched a small rocket from a tiny island in the Pacific. It exploded, showering the island with debris. A year later, a second launch attempt sent a rocket to space but failed to make orbit, burning up in the atmosphere. Another year brought a third attempt—and a third failure. The following month, in September 2008, the company used the last of its funds to launch a fourth rocket. It reached orbit, making history as the first privately funded liquid-fueled rocket to do so.
Jean-Claude Nimal
Nuclear Technology | Volume 168 | Number 2 | November 2009 | Pages 405-410
Shielding | Special Issue on the 11th International Conference on Radiation Shielding and the 15th Topical Meeting of the Radiation Protection and Shielding Division (Part 2) / Radiation Protection | doi.org/10.13182/NT09-A9217
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
NAÏADE 1 shielding experiments were performed in the shielding laboratory at the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (French Atomic Energy Commission) in Fontenay aux Roses during the period 1965-1970. These experiments consisted of studying either the pure thermal neutron attenuation or the fission neutron attenuation in various materials such as water, iron, graphite, concrete, and multilayer shields. A reassessment of the experimental results was made between 2003 and 2005, and the results were evaluated again during the period 2007-2008. For each experimental configuration, the fission neutron source of a converter was calculated by using the TRIdimensionel POLYcinétique (TRIPOLI-4) Monte Carlo code. A part of the experimental results has been compared to the results of TRIPOLI-4. This work will be continued to analyze other benchmarks with integration into the Shielding INtegral Benchmark Archive Database (SINBAD).