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Undeclared uranium hitches a ride on cobalt exports from Congo, study says
Philippe (left) and Manzuk quantified the amount of uranium that has been exported from the DRC in cobalt shipments or left behind in the environment. (Photo: Joel Hallberg/UW–Madison)
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and Princeton University have published a study in Nature Communications that calls attention to a blind spot in nuclear nonproliferation: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has exported thousands of metric tons of uranium, and there is no accounting for where it has gone.
In partnership with Lighthouse Reports and the Financial Times, UW–Madison nuclear engineering professor and nuclear security expert Sébastien Philippe and Ryan Manzuk, a geologist and research fellow in Philippe’s group and at Princeton, conducted the study using countrywide mineralization and geochemical data.
Bryan Bednarz, Bin Han, X. George Xu
Nuclear Technology | Volume 168 | Number 2 | November 2009 | Pages 270-273
Neutron Data | Special Issue on the 11th International Conference on Radiation Shielding and the 15th Topical Meeting of the Radiation Protection and Shielding Division (Part 2) / Radiation Biology and Medicine | doi.org/10.13182/NT09-A9193
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
During radiation therapy treatments, neutron contamination can be a source of unwanted radiation dose to the patient and medical personnel. Accurate cross-section data is needed to characterize the neutron contamination in medical accelerators using Monte Carlo methods. In this study, a comparison of the photoneutron yields using the default LA150U and the Chinese Nuclear Data Center (CNDC) photonuclear cross sections was performed. Thick tungsten plates, each of 0.125-cm thickness (one-third radiation length), were directly irradiated by an electron beam in MCNPX. In order to match typical radiation therapy energy ranges, the energy distribution of the electron beam was modeled as a Gaussian distribution with a mean energy of 18.3 MeV and a 3% full-width at half-maximum. The photoneutron yield using the LA150U is consistently [approximately]12 to 17% higher than those from the CNDC data for each target thickness. The average photoneutron energy difference between the two cross-section libraries ranged from 3 to 42%. No major differences were seen between relative neutron fluences per solid angle for the two cross-section libraries. The discrepancies between the datasets provided above can be attributed to the oversimplification of using the default LA150U 184W cross section for all other naturally occurring isotopes of tungsten. Therefore, the lack of cross-section data in the LA150U library is a definite concern when using MCNPX to determine secondary neutron production in a medical accelerator room since a majority of contamination neutrons are produced in tungsten components.