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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
M. C. Galassi, D. Bestion, C. Morel, J. Pouvreau, F. D'Auria
Nuclear Technology | Volume 167 | Number 1 | July 2009 | Pages 60-70
Technical Paper | NURETH-12 / Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT09-A8851
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This work presents a validation of NEPTUNE_CFD against plunging water jet experiments by Iguchi et al., with sensitivity tests to turbulence modeling. NEPTUNE_CFD is the thermal-hydraulic two-phase computational fluid dynamics tool of NURESIM (European Platform for Nuclear Reactor Simulations) and is designed to simulate two-phase flow in situations encountered in nuclear power plants. Iguchi et al.'s flow configuration shares common physical features with the emergency core cooling injection in a pressurized water reactor uncovered cold leg during a small-break loss-of-coolant accident. This work contributes to the validation of the NEPTUNE_CFD code capability to predict the turbulence below a free surface produced by a plunging jet. In the experiment, the water was injected vertically down a straight circular pipe into a cylindrical vessel containing water. Mean velocity and turbulent fluctuations were measured below the jet at several depths below the free surface. The influence of several models on code predictions was investigated, and both standard and modified turbulence models were tested. A single-phase jet case was also simulated and compared with both measurements and two-phase calculations, to investigate bubble entrainment influence on turbulence prediction. The calculated mean velocity field was always in quite good agreement with the experimental data, while the turbulence intensity was generally good with some underestimation far from the jet axis region.