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Undeclared uranium hitches a ride on cobalt exports from Congo, study says
Philippe (left) and Manzuk quantified the amount of uranium that has been exported from the DRC in cobalt shipments or left behind in the environment. (Photo: Joel Hallberg/UW–Madison)
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and Princeton University have published a study in Nature Communications that calls attention to a blind spot in nuclear nonproliferation: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has exported thousands of metric tons of uranium, and there is no accounting for where it has gone.
In partnership with Lighthouse Reports and the Financial Times, UW–Madison nuclear engineering professor and nuclear security expert Sébastien Philippe and Ryan Manzuk, a geologist and research fellow in Philippe’s group and at Princeton, conducted the study using countrywide mineralization and geochemical data.
Veera R. Gutti, Sudarshan K. Loyalka
Nuclear Technology | Volume 166 | Number 2 | May 2009 | Pages 121-133
Technical Papers | Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT09-A7399
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Thermophoresis causes particle deposition on nuclear reactor components from gas/vapor streams, both during normal and accident conditions, and it is of interest to develop good computational tools for estimation of such deposition. This paper describes a numerical technique to solve the coupled equations of energy and particle continuity. The numerical technique was verified by comparing the solution of the Graetz energy transport problem obtained by using the present numerical technique with the series solution. Thermophoretic deposition efficiency obtained from the present numerical technique agrees with the analytical solution for short tubes. Deposition efficiencies for the case RePr = 1 and Pr K = 1 are in good agreement with the published theoretical expressions for thermophoretic deposition efficiency. Also, the results from the numerical solution for thermophoretic deposition efficiency compare well with some experimental data published in the literature. Dependence of deposition efficiency on thermophoretic coefficient K was studied, and it was observed that the dependence is more linear for smaller thermal gradients than for the larger gradients. Further, the computational fluid dynamics program FLUENT® 6.3 was also used to explore calculations of the thermophoretic deposition efficiencies for some cases, and it was noted that results are sensitive to mesh size and that very fine mesh near the surface was needed for accurate results. The results computed are in good agreement with our numerical calculations and experimental data.