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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Yuichi Onoda, Masato Uchita, Minako Tokizaki, Hitoshi Okazaki
Nuclear Technology | Volume 211 | Number 11 | November 2025 | Pages 2812-2831
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2025.2462367
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Safety analyses were carried out to confirm the sufficiency of the function of the safety protection system against the pump/diagrid link rupture. The target plant was a pool-type sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) of about a 600-MW(electric) class equipped with an axially heterogeneous core currently under development in Japan. In the pool-type SFR, the primary system piping that connects the primary pump and the high-pressure sodium plenum located at the inlet of fuel subassemblies is called the pump/diagrid link. Because this piping is submerged in the reactor vessel, it is difficult to detect small-scale sodium leakage in this piping, and thus a large pipe break like guillotine should be assumed and evaluated as a design-basis event.
In order to confirm the detectability of the pump/diagrid link rupture by safety protection system signals, a series of analyses of a guillotine break for a pump/diagrid link was carried out. Sensitivity analyses was also performed to consider the uncertainty of the operating power level and reactivity coefficient. The sufficiency of the function of the safety protection system against the pump/diagrid link rupture is confirmed by whether or not the development target of the system in a pool-type SFR in Japan is satisfied. The target is that at least two kinds of signals are transmitted for the detection of the event.