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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Koichiro Omura
Nuclear Technology | Volume 211 | Number 5 | May 2025 | Pages 863-888
Review Article | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2024.2368960
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Hamaoka Nuclear Power Station Unit 5 is an advanced boiling water reactor with a generating capacity of 1.38 GW. It was shut down on May 14, 2011 at the request of the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry. Seawater contaminated the equipment in a wide range of locations. We promptly cleaned up the reactor water and conducted an impact assessment and integrity evaluation of the equipment. The contamination areas were mainly categorized into the reactor pressure vessel and reactor internals, which are difficult to inspect and replace, and other peripheral facilities, which are relatively easy to inspect and replace.
The inspection results showed that discoloration, thinning, and adhesions due to corrosion were found in a wide range of other peripheral facilities. Basically, the minor corroded components could be removed by maintenance, so they were not considered to have an impact on the functionality of the reactor. Whereas many of the pressure vessels and reactor internals are difficult to replace, and we are currently collecting knowledge on the effects of high-temperature operation during the restart of the reactors. A large amount of seawater contamination in a nuclear reactor facility is a rare event, and this paper mainly describes the effects of seawater on the components.