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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Deep geologic repository progress—2025 Update
Editor's note: This article has was originally published in November 2023. It has been updated with new information as of June 2025.
Outside my office, there is a display case filled with rock samples from all over the world. It contains a disk of translucent, orange salt from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant near Carlsbad, N.M.; a core of white-and-bronze gneiss from the site of the future deep geologic repository in Eurajoki, Finland; several angular chunks of fine-grained, gray claystone from the underground research laboratory at Bure, France; and a piece of coarse-grained granite from the underground research tunnel in Daejeon, South Korea.
Akimaro Kawahara, Yukihiro Yonemoto, Hiroto Tazoe
Nuclear Technology | Volume 209 | Number 12 | December 2023 | Pages 1914-1928
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2023.2197944
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This study reports the effects of the grid spacer with mixing vane (MV) on gas velocity for air single-phase flow and liquid film thickness for air-water two-phase annular flow in a 3 × 3 rod bundle channel. To investigate the effects of the shape of the spacers, three kinds of spacers were installed into the channel: spacer without MV (without MV), spacer with four MVs (4-MV30), and spacer with two MVs (2-MV30). The 4-MV30 and 2-MV30 had vanes that were inclined 30 deg from the vertical axis. Gas velocity was measured with a hot-wire anemometer and liquid film thickness was measured with the constant electric current method. From the gas velocity measurement, it was found that the irregularities in the velocity distribution became smaller toward downstream of the spacer. For the 2-MV30, the flow distribution was asymmetric and the flow was biased. From the liquid film thickness measurement, it was found that the liquid film thickness became thicker downstream of the spacer.