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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
K. Lisa Reed, Farzad Rahnema, Dingkang Zhang, Dan Ilas
Nuclear Technology | Volume 206 | Number 11 | November 2020 | Pages 1686-1697
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2020.1757962
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In this paper, a set of stylized numerical benchmark problems is developed. These problems are based on the Oak Ridge National Laboratory preconceptual design of a fluoride-salt-cooled small modular advanced high-temperature reactor, or SmAHTR, that uses prismatic fuel assemblies with cylindrical pins/rods containing tri-isotropic fuel particles. A detailed description of the benchmark problems is achieved by closing several outstanding design gaps and modifying the coolant channel shape to reduce bypass flow for improved coolant and fuel temperature distributions. The benchmark problems, while stylized, retain the important thermal-hydraulic and reactor physics features (e.g., fuel particles) necessary for benchmarking tools for reactor core analysis.
In addition to the full description, detailed reference results such as the eigenvalue (keff) and fuel pin and assembly-averaged fission density distributions are provided for five benchmark problems: full-length fuel assemblies with control rods fully withdrawn and inserted, and full core with all control rods withdrawn, all control rods fully inserted, and some control rods fully inserted (near-critical core). The provided results are calculated using the continuous-energy Monte Carlo code MCNP.