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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
C. P. Marcel, M. Rohde, T. H. J. J. Van der Hagen
Nuclear Technology | Volume 164 | Number 2 | November 2008 | Pages 232-244
Technical Paper | Reactor Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT08-A4022
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The stability performance of the Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (ESBWR) is studied with the downscaled GENESIS facility. The GENESIS design is based on fluid-to-fluid modeling and includes an artificial void reactivity feedback system for simulating the neutronic-thermal-hydraulic coupling. The experiments show that the ESBWR thermal-hydraulic oscillatory mode is very stable at nominal conditions, exhibiting a decay ratio DR = 0.12 and a remarkably low resonance frequency fres = 0.11 Hz. This result indicates a static pressure head-driven phenomenon since this frequency corresponds well to typical frequencies found for density wave oscillations traveling through the core plus chimney sections. For the reactor-kinetic oscillatory mode, we found a decay ratio DR = 0.30 and a resonance frequency fres = 0.75 Hz. This corresponds well to density wave oscillations traveling through the core indicating the instability mechanism is driven by the interplay between the core friction and the neutronic response due to void changes in the core. By comparing these results with those obtained with the TRACG computational code, it was found that they agree very well. In addition, the stability performance of the thermal-hydraulic and the reactor-kinetic mode is investigated for a wide range of conditions, confirming the existence of large margins to instabilities of the ESBWR design.
