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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Sigitas Rimkevicius, Eugenijus Uspuras
Nuclear Technology | Volume 164 | Number 1 | October 2008 | Pages 97-102
Technical Paper | Icapp '06 | doi.org/10.13182/NT08-A4011
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the experimental investigation of the thermal-hydraulic characteristics for two types of test sections: thin annular pebble beds (i.e., spheres dumped in thin annular slots) and pebble beds placed between cylinders. The experimental results of heat transfer from the spheres and from a cylinder, as well as hydraulic drag for both types of test sections, are presented in this paper. The results of the thin annular pebble bed experiments demonstrate that the maximum heat transfer and hydraulic drag is at the annular slot with the relative width K equal to 1.07 and 1.75 of the sphere diameter. The heat transfer in the internal layers at these values of K is equal to the heat transfer in the internal layers of large (unlimited) rhombic packing. The results of the experimental investigation of pebble beds between cylinders demonstrate that the randomly arranged pebble bed is preferable to the regular rhombic structure from the viewpoints of design simplicity, heat transfer from the cylinder, and drag coefficient.