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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Kwon-Yeong Lee, Moo Hwan Kim
Nuclear Technology | Volume 163 | Number 2 | August 2008 | Pages 261-272
Technical Paper | Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT08-A3986
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A theoretical model using a heat and mass transfer analogy was developed to investigate the effects of noncondensable gases on the heat transfer coefficient of steam condensing inside a vertical tube. The Nusselt and Sherwood numbers in the gas phase were modified to incorporate the effects of condensate film roughness, suction, and developing flow. The model predictions showed good agreement with the experimental data obtained for various experimental conditions. A parametric study was conducted using the model with condenser tube diameter as a variable. The results indicated that the effects of noncondensable gases become weak as the inlet mixture Reynolds number (Remix,in = 4[over dot]mmix,in/dimix,in) increases and inlet noncondensable gas mass fraction (Wnc,in = [over dot]mnc,in/([over dot]mnc,in + [over dot]mv,in)) decreases. In addition, the effects of noncondensable gases also become weak as the condenser tube diameter decreases with the same inlet mixture Reynolds number because of interfacial shear stress.