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LLNL, Ampera partner to develop thorium-based TRISO fuel
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has formed a strategic partnership with Ampera to develop the company’s nuclear fuel concept through a project named THUNDER, for Thorium Unimodal Droplet Ejection for Reactors.
The focus of THUNDER is fabricating TRISO made with kernels of thorium rather than the usual uranium. LLNL and Ampera will evaluate and optimize liquid metal–jetting technology to produce highly uniform, spherical kernels of thorium-232 for later processing into TRISO fuel.
Joshua Hodson, Robert Spall, Barton Smith
Nuclear Technology | Volume 161 | Number 3 | March 2008 | Pages 268-276
Technical Paper | Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT08-A3925
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The effectiveness of five different turbulence models is assessed for the flow across a row of confined cylinders at a pitch-to-diameter ratio of 1.7 and at Reynolds numbers ranging from 2621 to 55 920. Models examined include the one-equation Spalart-Almaras model; two-equation realizable k - [curly epsilon], k - , and shear stress transport models; and a four-equation v2 - f model. Quantities compared against published experimental data include minor loss coefficients, separation angles about cylinders, wake lengths behind cylinders, and streamwise velocity profiles at the periodic inlet/outlet boundaries. Results indicate that each of the models did a reasonable job in predicting the minor loss coefficient as a function of Reynolds number. With the exception of the k - [curly epsilon] model, each was also able to predict the experimentally observed trend of decreasing wake and separation lengths with increasing Reynolds number. In addition, all models also predicted a local minimum in the separation angle about the inner cylinder as a function of Reynolds number, which has also been observed experimentally. Our conclusion is that the v2 - f model performed slightly better at predicting the experimental data than any of the other models examined, although at the computational expense of solving two additional equations.