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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Tsutomu Ikeno, Takeo Kajishima
Nuclear Technology | Volume 158 | Number 2 | May 2007 | Pages 249-260
Technical Paper | Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT07-A3840
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A computational model based on a large-eddy simulation (LES) technique was proposed to estimate turbulent mixing and pressure drop in subchannels with grid spacers. For an efficient treatment of this complex geometry, improvements were made to the LES technique coupled with an immersed boundary method: A one-equation dynamic subgrid scale model was introduced to account for the complex geometry without any artificial modification; the higher order accuracy was maintained by a consistent treatment of boundary conditions for velocity and pressure on solid walls. Computations were carried out for each of the convolute and periodic arrangements with two-step inclinations of the mixing vanes. The results reasonably reproduced the geometric effect in the turbulent mixing and drag coefficients for the flow, including unsteady separation and multiple vortices. The present computational model is useful for designing grid spacers: By coarser mesh, one can screen several candidates for spacer design; by finer mesh, more quantitative analysis is possible.