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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Elanchezhian Somasundaram, Todd S. Palmer
Nuclear Technology | Volume 193 | Number 3 | March 2016 | Pages 391-403
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NT15-43
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The Local Importance Function Transform (LIFT) method is a sophisticated automated variance-reduction technique for Monte Carlo simulation of radiation transport problems. In previous publications, the LIFT method was tested on geometrically simple problems with a coarse representation of radiation energy dependence, and the performance of the method was found to be promising when compared to traditional weight windows–based variance-reduction techniques. In this work, the LIFT method is tested on a spatially complex benchmark test problem with a more realistic representation of energy dependence (50 energy groups) and heterogeneous materials. The performance of the method in comparison with a CADIS (Consistent Adjoint Driven Importance Sampling)–based weight windows method and an analog Monte Carlo simulation is studied. A multigroup Monte Carlo code that utilizes portions of the framework of the deterministic tool Attila has been developed such that the overhead time in implementing the variance-reduction techniques is minimal. The Monte Carlo simulations are performed on an arbitrary tetrahedral mesh created by the mesh generator in Attila. A method to transfer the deterministic solution generated on a finer mesh to a coarser mesh for implementing the hybrid simulations has been developed, and the results are quantified.