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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Robert P. Martin, Simone H. Morgan, Christopher Cragg
Nuclear Technology | Volume 193 | Number 1 | January 2016 | Pages 200-212
Technical Paper | Special Issue on the RELAP5-3D Computer Code | doi.org/10.13182/NT14-140
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Evaluation methodologies are under development at BWX Technologies (BWXT) to support licensure of the BWXT small modular reactor. In these evaluation methodologies, RELAP5-3D is being used as the computation engine for reactor coolant system performance. To facilitate analyses, the RelapManager code was developed as a Windows-based graphical user interface for RELAP5-3D. It is used to edit RELAP5-3D input models and develop simulation suites with unique attention to the preparation of Quality Program records required per 10 CFR 50 Appendix B. The software has been created with Visual Studio employing the .NET integrated development environment. The programming focal point for RelapManager is an XML schema that captures the modeling rules inherent in RELAP5-3D. It transforms an existing input model into XML, which, through a large library of functions created to support XML file types, provides a rich user experience capable of improving productivity and quality.
RelapManager includes specialized features for the preparation of uncertainty and sensitivity/importance analyses, execution on a remote server, plotting, and data checking against the modeling rules. As a demonstration of these features, an uncertainty and importance analysis has been prepared using the “Typical PWR” test problem provided with the nominal RELAP5-3D release package. RelapManager takes as input uncertainty models characterizing the expected domain of model parameter variability. Subsequently, a calculation suite derived from sampling the uncertainty domain is described, and a run script is prepared by RelapManager. Figure of merit results are gathered by RelapManager and analyzed using a variance-based sensitivity analysis method.