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Hanford begins removing waste from 24th single-shell tank
The Department of Energy’s Office of Environmental Management said crews at the Hanford Site near Richland, Wash., have started retrieving radioactive waste from Tank A-106, a 1-million-gallon underground storage tank built in the 1950s.
Tank A-106 will be the 24th single-shell tank that crews have cleaned out at Hanford, which is home to 177 underground waste storage tanks: 149 single-shell tanks and 28 double-shell tanks. Ranging from 55,000 gallons to more than 1 million gallons in capacity, the tanks hold around 56 million gallons of chemical and radioactive waste resulting from plutonium production at the site.
Stefano Passerini, Richard B. Vilim
Nuclear Technology | Volume 191 | Number 3 | September 2015 | Pages 254-267
Technical Paper | Nuclear Plant Operations and Control | doi.org/10.13182/NT14-99
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Simulation results are presented for a design strategy that seeks to achieve inherent control and passive safety for liquid-metal advanced small modular reactors. The approach places an increased reliance on passive feedbacks to regulate plant operation. A reference liquid-metal reactor design is defined to serve as a baseline against which innovative design concepts can be compared with respect to operational performance. The definition assigns values to key plant parameters related to materials type, component data, system configuration (loop versus pool type), fuel cycle (burner versus breakeven versus breeder), and balance of plant. The reference design represents the state of the art of conventional fast reactor technology in terms of economics of electricity production, use of active control systems, and standard operation (e.g., refueling every 2 to 3 years). Innovative design features and associated control strategies are then investigated for reducing the size of upset imitators and for improving also the safety of the inherent response to the initiator. Initiators include failures of active systems and operator errors. At the same time the ability of the modified plant to meet normal grid demands subject to constraints on temperature rates of change is assessed. Results presented indicate that operational performance can be maintained while active system initiator size is reduced resulting in improved safety. Essentially, the innovations introduce inherent feedback mechanisms that serve to reduce the magnitude of the control action of the active control systems.